It depends on how badly they were spooked and if they know what spooked them. I have had deer that spooked when they walked up behind me ( I hunt on the ground) and hopped a few steps and then walked off. I could tell they didn't know what spooked them they just new something wasn't quite right. Any how you can tell when I a deer doesn't know because they will run off a little ways and then turn and look around like they are looking for something. These kind of spooks I have had return in about a half hour, especially if they were on a trail. If they see you or smelled you and know that there is danger out there you can kiss them good bye for up to a few days. If you spook a big buck bad enough he won't ever come back. I hope this answers your question.

It just depends but most of the time they will return back to there normal patterns in a day or two after they have been spoked.

It generally depends on their age. A young deer will perhaps return the next day. A Boone and Crocket wall hanger will probably never return again. They don't get that big by being stupid.

Depends on the pressure. About 10 minutes, if your area is crowded. My strategy always assumes that other hunters will be more clumsy than me, and I sit tight. If that doesn't work before mid morning, I go for a walk. The deer have usually found a spot no one is bothering them. Knowing where those spots are is key to success, when everyone else is also sitting tight.