



September 12, 2012
To Gun Tinkerers: Don't Get Screwed
By David E. Petzal
You have heard, no doubt, that if you chained a million monkeys in front of a million word processors for a million years, they would eventually replicate the works of Shakespeare. Similarly, if you gave a million unskilled gun tinkerers access to a million firearms and a million screwdrivers for a million years, they would equal the damage that was caused by the atom bomb we dropped on Hiroshima.
You would think that so simple a device as the screwdriver would require little or no skill. But, like the hammer, it requires a lot of skill. Melvin Forbes, who is handy with all tools, can drive a nail with two blows. Wham WHAM! The average person needs 20 or so, and three nails, and a trip to the doctor to look at his thumb.
Same with screws. You fit the screwdriver in the head and twist. Yet, if you look at the repair rack at a gunsmith shop, or a used-gun rack, you will see butchered screws beyond counting. Their little heads are mangled, chipped, and butchered.
In the world of screwing, there are two epochs—pre-Torx and post-Torx. The Torx screw is a work of genius. Rather than having one large slot, it has six small slots radiating from a center hole. This is far stronger, and holds the screwdriver bit in place. It enables the semi-skilled to drive a screw in with real force, and get it out again, without having the screwdriver blade flying out and gouging something. It’s also a lot harder to mar Torx screws than slotheads. You can do it, but it takes some effort.
Here are some tips on screwdrivers, all of which I have learned the hard way:
- Never use a screwdriver with your gun unsupported, or poorly supported. Put it in a gun rest or a vise.
- The little hex and Torx wrenches that come with your scope rings are for emergency use only. It’s nearly impossible to keep them in line with the screw as you twist.
- The screwdriver you got for 39 cents at the yard sale is eventually going to do damage worth a lot more than 39 cents.
- The best screwdrivers I’ve ever used, and I’ve used a bunch, is the 72-piece Wheeler Engineering Professional Gunsmith Screwdriver Set. It is superior on all counts, and if by some wild chance you can’t find a bit to fit in here, there is an 89-piece set available.
- Driving a screw without considering how it is to be employed is an invitation to sorrow. Scope-base screws do not require the same degree of force required of scope-ring screws.
- Loc-Tite is good, but it’s not always necessary, and it’s designed to be used in miniscule amount.
- Go to a gunsmith.
Comments (40)
Here's another tip. If you are going to use a flat tipped screw driver then make sure the tip is the same thckness as the width of the slot. If not you will most likely wreck that screw head when the blade twists out under torque.
I limit my tinkering to removing and replacing barreled actions from stocks and installing scopes, rings and bases. I use the Wheeler screwdriver set but have not replaced slotted screws with Torx screws yet. I have bought a few used rifles with marred slotheads... makes you wonder. My Dad was a machinist and school teacher who strongly believed in using the right tool for the job.
You forgot about the Canadian wonder invented and patented sometime in the 1920s I believe: the Robertson head screw. For the life of me I don't know why Robertson head never caught on in the USA. They are simply a square hole fitted by a square tipped screwdriver (various sizes are color coded in the screwdrivers - red, green, yellow, and black). Not quite as good as Torx but damn near. For usefulness phillips head (cross-point) is an extremely distant third and, of course, slotted screws aren't even on the same playing field. Pretty much useless in this day and age. In fact, it is hard to find slotted screws at a hardware store up here! Dang near impossible. Everything up here is Robertson except drywall screws which are by necessity phillips head (less goop needed to fill the slots).
Second DEP's comments about the Torx screw. Double second on the Wheeler screwdrivers. Regular screw drivers are fine for driving wood screws into 2X4s but they are spawns of Satan on gun screws.
I like the "go to a gunsmith" idea. I have screwed up every gun I have tried to do anything to. I have even screwed up stocks by making them look pretty by oiling them. Pretty much every time Dave tells us how to ruin a gun I have already been there and done that. Go to a gunsmith...
I take and issue with GO TO A GUNSMITH. It needs to be changed to GO TO A GOOD GUNSMITH. Like most things in life, gunsmiths are not all created equal.
Here's another quick thought, which many people don't know. Gunsmithing screwdrivers are slightly different than standard drivers. As the shape and fitment of the various slots in screws are different in firearm manufacturing than in other trades. So even if the driver fits along its edges it doesn't mean that its seated properly! Finding "screwed" screws is one of my biggest pet peeves with used gun racks! I've also noticed that probably 90+% of any used firearm has marks from improper tool usage.
Wheeler also markets a 29 piece screwdriver set that will handle all but the oddest situations which sells for $20-$30. Years ago I owned a rack of Ruger M-77s and pre-Garcia Sakos. One day I became disgusted with all the marred screwheads (some were like messed up when I purchased the rifles and some were due to my own fine workmanship), counted them, and ordered 50-100 of each. Ruger sent them free of charge but Sako charged me $2.00 a screw back in the 70's. Ouch!!! After that I bought a gunsmithing set of screwdrivers which I think was made by B-Square. I used them for decades, gave them to a local kid, and bought a set of Wheelers ten years or so ago. Both were (are) excellent investments and money you will never regret spending. Now if only I could regulate all my screws to be slotted in the same direction, can't seem to manage that without a skilled gunsmith doing it for a terrible cost.
In the world of screwing, there are two epochs—pre-Torx and post-Torx.
DP,
I half expected you to write "pre-video tape and post-video tape."
or "pre-Traci Lords and..."
OK, enough screwing around, back to the topic.
Getting my mind out of the gutter now, sorry.
Ishawooa,
That's a good point about regulating the direction of the screws. I have a Manlicher Shoenauer and all of the screws are indexed. They all screw in to 12 o'clock. They just don't make them like that anymore!
A very good friend of mine who owns dozens of rental units and an apartment complex told me once; "Never, hire the plumber who can come right over."
I find the same thing true in gunsmiths. The guy who can get it in today and out by the weekend is probably someone you don't want to leave your fine firearms with.
Years ago my brother caught me removing the screws from my rifle with a Leatherman tool and promptly showed me how I was "buggering-up" the screws. He sent me a very nice B-Square gunsmith screwdriver set for Christmas that year. Having the right size of bit to fit the hardware makes all the difference.
Safado,
they use to do that with airplanes too, back in Howard Hughes day, especially during the era of the Schneider Cup for the speed record. Even the screws were considered in making the plane streamlined, so all slots were aligned. Rivets required none of this fuss obviously.
Hey DAVE;
You didn't have anything to do today did you.
Love the writer who can take nothing, and make a post.
Hang in there old Buddy.
The very first thing I look at when looking at a used gun, is the screw heads. A lot of nice guns will have the screw heads butchered up. If I decide to accept the gun, I change the screws... does'nt always make the gun shoot better, but sure looks nicer...
Dave this is a good post, one that all gun fanciers need to read... Many nice guns are treated roughly, especially the screws...
Why is it so blessed hard and frustrating to post a comment these days? After many tries over the past few days, the system FINALLY operated correctly. Anyone else having problems?
With out a doubt gun screws are the #1 damaged item of guns, and I have damaged my share of them. I actually own both a B-square and the wheeler kits along with the scope mounting kit as most screws are in the scope and rings with few on the gun itself although on older gund there are plenty of screws to mess up. Like some of the rest of you guys I bought a good supply of the most common gun and scope screws. Instead of loctite try clear finger nail polish, works great and is easier to remove. Lastly I have had all kinds of problems with this website I really think F&S needs to hire a new webmaster so the old one can quit " screwing" up the web page.
It hurts when you pick up a wonderful old rifle, pistol or a fine old shotgun like an L. C. Smith or a Parker and see the screws all buggered up.
O.H. we have the "Robertson" screw heads here. They are actually used alot. I first ran into them when I work for a custom cabinet maker and they were all we used and I would agree they are very strong and nearly impossible to strip unless you use a impact drill.
When cruising a gun show and handling used guns, the first thing I look for is buggered screws, esp. on a Smith & Wesson. You never know what some jerk was up to when he felt the need to disassemble it. No sale!
OH the Robertson screw you speak of is very prevalent in furniture construction the States. Dave excellent tutorial. I will make it required reading my kids.
Safado: One sees indexed (that's the word I was trying to think of) in the older European guns but rarely anywhere else. This sure looks nice and also makes the end user feel that the maker cared enough and possessed adequate skills to create a better than average weapon as I feel certain is the case with your M-S.
A fine firearm without "slotted" screws is like an egg without salt.
Not that TORX is/is not a good idea, in it's place.
TORX is a poor excuse to NOT properly fit a screwdriver to a specific "slot!.
Ever see a TORX somebody tried to remove with a Phillips screwdriver? Real ugly!
A fine (any!) firearm with a "crosspoint" screw is a Model 12 Winchester with a Poly-Choke!! A Rolls-Royce with bias ply tires. Ground shooting quail!
As Capstick would say, "Terribly unpukka, old chap! Just not done!"
O Garcia,
...pre Traci Lords...oh my!
Dave,
This is a good post but I'd like to read one for the proper screw torque for stocks, bases and rings. I hear all sorts of numbers from self professed experts because they got a job selling gear at a gun shop after they left a hamburger joint.
"Scope-base screws do not require the same degree of force required of scope-ring screws."
I thought it was the other way around. I thought arthritis and bleeding should happen when you screw down the base to the receiver. I also thought main tube deformation could happen if you do the same to the rings.
One of these days I'm going to take everything to a gunsmith and say "Torx everything".
Besides a set of screwdrivers and adapters, a correctly calibrated torque wrench is an invaluable tool.
Robertson would like a word with you. Canadians have it right!
To Shane: That sentence was ambiguous, and I apologize. It should have read: "Scope base screws require considerably more force than scope ring screws." Your recollection is correct. It's pretty hard to deform a scope tube with the ring screws, but it can be done. The better reason not to lean too hard on them is, you may have to get the scope off in the field someday, where there is no gunsmith available to drill them out.
I disagree, I once checkered the forearm of a Remington ADL (40LPI complete with fleur-de-lis design) Trying to remove and replace a slotted front action screw with a free screwdriver, Liberated from my neighbor. My wife thought the dog chewed the forearm of my rifle but she has no tasted in fine stock work by a master gunsmith such as myself
But the gutter can be soooo much fun, just ask Charlie Sheen, or Bill Clinton.......
There are square drive screws in the states as well, mostly decking screws and a few on cars I've seen. Ever seen a 3 pointed screwhead? Kinda like a Phillips, but 3 instead of 4 slots.
i can't say much for the wheeler screw driver sets though the make good products. I've used a set of bonanza screw drivers for 34 years now. they are ground differently than a common screwdrivers so the fit in the slot straight up and down. the common screw driver like Stanley, craftsman and even snap on are taper ground. i use a snap on screw driver style torque wrench for scopes and the mounts. i never use lock tight. it's why a lot of screws get buggered. as a gunsmith for over 30 years use your head and let the professionals take care of the heavy repairs. it could make your gun unsafe. and use the proper tool for the job. torx screws are great but when you over tighten them they break also then you have a mess. remember use your head.
About screw drivers...
A gunsmithing screw driver bit/blade should be straight or hollow ground (most common screw driver blades are wedge shaped). It should be hard enough that it should break rather than bend. Bending/twisting will raise a burr or seriously damage the screw.
Used correctly, when too much torque is put on the driver, the tip breaks off without ruining the screw or jumping out of the screw slot. You have to get above the screw driver and push downward. Otherwise, if/when the tip breaks, the driver will skate across your work.
As mentioned, tip MUST fit the length and width of the slot or you WILL raise a burr.
Most screws, unless they're really trashed, can be saved by peening the raised edge down, dressing the slot with a file and blackening the screw to match it's original finish.
I use/like the Brownells bit set, which isn't cheap, but the master set is fairly complete. The Wheeler set is rumored to be softer, which is undesirable as mentioned above. Key word is "rumored".
About gunsmiths...
I think it was Bob Brownell who said something to the effect that a gunsmith should only attempt to do work that he's actually capable of doing right.
In other words, if the work is above your 'pay grade' don't take it on.
Turning screws, mounting scopes rings, cleaning guns, etc isn't rocket science. Small repairs, refinishing (to some extent), etc can be tackled by the less experienced.
You don't need to send your Winchester 94 made in 1999 to Doug Turnbull to get it re-blued.
With that being said, trusting Bubba to repair or correctly restore grandpa's Parker is probably a bad idea.
Knowing what your gunsmith of choice (or yourself)can and CANNOT do is critical in receiving quality work. Check REFERENCES, reputation, what does he specialize in, look at examples of his work, etc.
Don't be afraid to trust your local gunsmith. Know what he's capable of doing and use his services accordingly, unless he's know to be a hack or jackleg.
next topic on buggered screws: how not to wreck your rifle while trying to fix a buggered screw with a ball peen hammer and a file. And a cold blue pen.
of course, you should remove the screw first before attacking it with a ball peen hammer. My bad.
I was in the middle of brain surgery the other day,I figured out the guy had a screw loose. It was Obama and so it wasn't fixable
About 20 years ago I took a shotgun to an "English Trained" gunsmith and he had a beautiful set of turnscrews (screwdrivers) that he had hand-build. They would not let him turn a screw until he had built a set of turnscrews that would pass inspection during his apprenticeship. A large part of his work was repairing savaged screws and mistakes made by amateurs. Attention to detail is the key.
Post a Comment
Why is it so blessed hard and frustrating to post a comment these days? After many tries over the past few days, the system FINALLY operated correctly. Anyone else having problems?
With out a doubt gun screws are the #1 damaged item of guns, and I have damaged my share of them. I actually own both a B-square and the wheeler kits along with the scope mounting kit as most screws are in the scope and rings with few on the gun itself although on older gund there are plenty of screws to mess up. Like some of the rest of you guys I bought a good supply of the most common gun and scope screws. Instead of loctite try clear finger nail polish, works great and is easier to remove. Lastly I have had all kinds of problems with this website I really think F&S needs to hire a new webmaster so the old one can quit " screwing" up the web page.
Here's another tip. If you are going to use a flat tipped screw driver then make sure the tip is the same thckness as the width of the slot. If not you will most likely wreck that screw head when the blade twists out under torque.
I take and issue with GO TO A GUNSMITH. It needs to be changed to GO TO A GOOD GUNSMITH. Like most things in life, gunsmiths are not all created equal.
Wheeler also markets a 29 piece screwdriver set that will handle all but the oddest situations which sells for $20-$30. Years ago I owned a rack of Ruger M-77s and pre-Garcia Sakos. One day I became disgusted with all the marred screwheads (some were like messed up when I purchased the rifles and some were due to my own fine workmanship), counted them, and ordered 50-100 of each. Ruger sent them free of charge but Sako charged me $2.00 a screw back in the 70's. Ouch!!! After that I bought a gunsmithing set of screwdrivers which I think was made by B-Square. I used them for decades, gave them to a local kid, and bought a set of Wheelers ten years or so ago. Both were (are) excellent investments and money you will never regret spending. Now if only I could regulate all my screws to be slotted in the same direction, can't seem to manage that without a skilled gunsmith doing it for a terrible cost.
Besides a set of screwdrivers and adapters, a correctly calibrated torque wrench is an invaluable tool.
I limit my tinkering to removing and replacing barreled actions from stocks and installing scopes, rings and bases. I use the Wheeler screwdriver set but have not replaced slotted screws with Torx screws yet. I have bought a few used rifles with marred slotheads... makes you wonder. My Dad was a machinist and school teacher who strongly believed in using the right tool for the job.
You forgot about the Canadian wonder invented and patented sometime in the 1920s I believe: the Robertson head screw. For the life of me I don't know why Robertson head never caught on in the USA. They are simply a square hole fitted by a square tipped screwdriver (various sizes are color coded in the screwdrivers - red, green, yellow, and black). Not quite as good as Torx but damn near. For usefulness phillips head (cross-point) is an extremely distant third and, of course, slotted screws aren't even on the same playing field. Pretty much useless in this day and age. In fact, it is hard to find slotted screws at a hardware store up here! Dang near impossible. Everything up here is Robertson except drywall screws which are by necessity phillips head (less goop needed to fill the slots).
Second DEP's comments about the Torx screw. Double second on the Wheeler screwdrivers. Regular screw drivers are fine for driving wood screws into 2X4s but they are spawns of Satan on gun screws.
I like the "go to a gunsmith" idea. I have screwed up every gun I have tried to do anything to. I have even screwed up stocks by making them look pretty by oiling them. Pretty much every time Dave tells us how to ruin a gun I have already been there and done that. Go to a gunsmith...
In the world of screwing, there are two epochs—pre-Torx and post-Torx.
DP,
I half expected you to write "pre-video tape and post-video tape."
or "pre-Traci Lords and..."
OK, enough screwing around, back to the topic.
Getting my mind out of the gutter now, sorry.
Ishawooa,
That's a good point about regulating the direction of the screws. I have a Manlicher Shoenauer and all of the screws are indexed. They all screw in to 12 o'clock. They just don't make them like that anymore!
A very good friend of mine who owns dozens of rental units and an apartment complex told me once; "Never, hire the plumber who can come right over."
I find the same thing true in gunsmiths. The guy who can get it in today and out by the weekend is probably someone you don't want to leave your fine firearms with.
Years ago my brother caught me removing the screws from my rifle with a Leatherman tool and promptly showed me how I was "buggering-up" the screws. He sent me a very nice B-Square gunsmith screwdriver set for Christmas that year. Having the right size of bit to fit the hardware makes all the difference.
Safado,
they use to do that with airplanes too, back in Howard Hughes day, especially during the era of the Schneider Cup for the speed record. Even the screws were considered in making the plane streamlined, so all slots were aligned. Rivets required none of this fuss obviously.
The very first thing I look at when looking at a used gun, is the screw heads. A lot of nice guns will have the screw heads butchered up. If I decide to accept the gun, I change the screws... does'nt always make the gun shoot better, but sure looks nicer...
Dave this is a good post, one that all gun fanciers need to read... Many nice guns are treated roughly, especially the screws...
It hurts when you pick up a wonderful old rifle, pistol or a fine old shotgun like an L. C. Smith or a Parker and see the screws all buggered up.
When cruising a gun show and handling used guns, the first thing I look for is buggered screws, esp. on a Smith & Wesson. You never know what some jerk was up to when he felt the need to disassemble it. No sale!
Safado: One sees indexed (that's the word I was trying to think of) in the older European guns but rarely anywhere else. This sure looks nice and also makes the end user feel that the maker cared enough and possessed adequate skills to create a better than average weapon as I feel certain is the case with your M-S.
O Garcia,
...pre Traci Lords...oh my!
"Scope-base screws do not require the same degree of force required of scope-ring screws."
I thought it was the other way around. I thought arthritis and bleeding should happen when you screw down the base to the receiver. I also thought main tube deformation could happen if you do the same to the rings.
One of these days I'm going to take everything to a gunsmith and say "Torx everything".
To Shane: That sentence was ambiguous, and I apologize. It should have read: "Scope base screws require considerably more force than scope ring screws." Your recollection is correct. It's pretty hard to deform a scope tube with the ring screws, but it can be done. The better reason not to lean too hard on them is, you may have to get the scope off in the field someday, where there is no gunsmith available to drill them out.
I disagree, I once checkered the forearm of a Remington ADL (40LPI complete with fleur-de-lis design) Trying to remove and replace a slotted front action screw with a free screwdriver, Liberated from my neighbor. My wife thought the dog chewed the forearm of my rifle but she has no tasted in fine stock work by a master gunsmith such as myself
Here's another quick thought, which many people don't know. Gunsmithing screwdrivers are slightly different than standard drivers. As the shape and fitment of the various slots in screws are different in firearm manufacturing than in other trades. So even if the driver fits along its edges it doesn't mean that its seated properly! Finding "screwed" screws is one of my biggest pet peeves with used gun racks! I've also noticed that probably 90+% of any used firearm has marks from improper tool usage.
Hey DAVE;
You didn't have anything to do today did you.
Love the writer who can take nothing, and make a post.
Hang in there old Buddy.
O.H. we have the "Robertson" screw heads here. They are actually used alot. I first ran into them when I work for a custom cabinet maker and they were all we used and I would agree they are very strong and nearly impossible to strip unless you use a impact drill.
OH the Robertson screw you speak of is very prevalent in furniture construction the States. Dave excellent tutorial. I will make it required reading my kids.
A fine firearm without "slotted" screws is like an egg without salt.
Not that TORX is/is not a good idea, in it's place.
TORX is a poor excuse to NOT properly fit a screwdriver to a specific "slot!.
Ever see a TORX somebody tried to remove with a Phillips screwdriver? Real ugly!
A fine (any!) firearm with a "crosspoint" screw is a Model 12 Winchester with a Poly-Choke!! A Rolls-Royce with bias ply tires. Ground shooting quail!
As Capstick would say, "Terribly unpukka, old chap! Just not done!"
Dave,
This is a good post but I'd like to read one for the proper screw torque for stocks, bases and rings. I hear all sorts of numbers from self professed experts because they got a job selling gear at a gun shop after they left a hamburger joint.
Robertson would like a word with you. Canadians have it right!
But the gutter can be soooo much fun, just ask Charlie Sheen, or Bill Clinton.......
There are square drive screws in the states as well, mostly decking screws and a few on cars I've seen. Ever seen a 3 pointed screwhead? Kinda like a Phillips, but 3 instead of 4 slots.
i can't say much for the wheeler screw driver sets though the make good products. I've used a set of bonanza screw drivers for 34 years now. they are ground differently than a common screwdrivers so the fit in the slot straight up and down. the common screw driver like Stanley, craftsman and even snap on are taper ground. i use a snap on screw driver style torque wrench for scopes and the mounts. i never use lock tight. it's why a lot of screws get buggered. as a gunsmith for over 30 years use your head and let the professionals take care of the heavy repairs. it could make your gun unsafe. and use the proper tool for the job. torx screws are great but when you over tighten them they break also then you have a mess. remember use your head.
About screw drivers...
A gunsmithing screw driver bit/blade should be straight or hollow ground (most common screw driver blades are wedge shaped). It should be hard enough that it should break rather than bend. Bending/twisting will raise a burr or seriously damage the screw.
Used correctly, when too much torque is put on the driver, the tip breaks off without ruining the screw or jumping out of the screw slot. You have to get above the screw driver and push downward. Otherwise, if/when the tip breaks, the driver will skate across your work.
As mentioned, tip MUST fit the length and width of the slot or you WILL raise a burr.
Most screws, unless they're really trashed, can be saved by peening the raised edge down, dressing the slot with a file and blackening the screw to match it's original finish.
I use/like the Brownells bit set, which isn't cheap, but the master set is fairly complete. The Wheeler set is rumored to be softer, which is undesirable as mentioned above. Key word is "rumored".
About gunsmiths...
I think it was Bob Brownell who said something to the effect that a gunsmith should only attempt to do work that he's actually capable of doing right.
In other words, if the work is above your 'pay grade' don't take it on.
Turning screws, mounting scopes rings, cleaning guns, etc isn't rocket science. Small repairs, refinishing (to some extent), etc can be tackled by the less experienced.
You don't need to send your Winchester 94 made in 1999 to Doug Turnbull to get it re-blued.
With that being said, trusting Bubba to repair or correctly restore grandpa's Parker is probably a bad idea.
Knowing what your gunsmith of choice (or yourself)can and CANNOT do is critical in receiving quality work. Check REFERENCES, reputation, what does he specialize in, look at examples of his work, etc.
Don't be afraid to trust your local gunsmith. Know what he's capable of doing and use his services accordingly, unless he's know to be a hack or jackleg.
next topic on buggered screws: how not to wreck your rifle while trying to fix a buggered screw with a ball peen hammer and a file. And a cold blue pen.
of course, you should remove the screw first before attacking it with a ball peen hammer. My bad.
I was in the middle of brain surgery the other day,I figured out the guy had a screw loose. It was Obama and so it wasn't fixable
About 20 years ago I took a shotgun to an "English Trained" gunsmith and he had a beautiful set of turnscrews (screwdrivers) that he had hand-build. They would not let him turn a screw until he had built a set of turnscrews that would pass inspection during his apprenticeship. A large part of his work was repairing savaged screws and mistakes made by amateurs. Attention to detail is the key.
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