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New Research: Lyme Disease More Closely Tied to Red Foxes Than to Deer

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June 21, 2012

New Research: Lyme Disease More Closely Tied to Red Foxes Than to Deer

By Scott Bestul

High whitetail numbers have been blamed for the spread of Lyme disease for years. But according to the latest research, we might be pointing our finger at the wrong critter. According to this story in a recent issue of Scientific American, a sharp decline in red fox populations may have gone a long way to making Lyme disease go viral in the last decade.

The red fox, as most of us know, is an efficient predator of small mammals like the white-footed mouse; known to be one of the prime hosts of the Lyme-carrying “deer” tick. Red fox numbers are in a general decline across the country, thanks largely to ever-growing coyote populations. Coyotes eat foxes whenever the populations overlap, which is frequently. Though both canines dine on mice, foxes take the greatest toll on the little rodents. So when fox numbers dive, mouse populations climb and ticks follow suit.

So why have whitetails been getting all the blame for the spread of Lyme disease? Well, deer are another preferred target of ticks, and as whitetail populations boomed in the 1980s and ’90s, we transferred—somewhat righteously—the blame for the illness to them. But when researchers took a new look at the spread of Lyme disease, they found it more closely mirrored the steady rise of coyotes than it did deer. In states like Wisconsin, for example, whitetail populations have been steady or declining for the last decade, while coyote numbers continue to rise. Interestingly, incidence of Lyme disease in the Badger State has risen 280 percent from 1997-2007, according to this story in the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, with 2,376 cases reported just last year. To further solidify the link, researchers found that an area in western New York—home to a healthy red fox population—was devoid of Lyme disease.

What to make of all this? First off, we should give ourselves a collective pat on the back; hunter harvest data helped researchers establish these links and take a new look at Lyme disease. Second, if you’re a coyote trapper or hunter, keep doing your thing and help give the red fox a break. And finally, this new research serves as yet another reminder of the inter-connectedness of all wildlife species and the importance of understanding all relationships in the natural world.

Comments (15)

Top Rated
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from Steve in Virginia wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Now I feel even better that I shot a coyote during the last deer season. Interesting info!

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

You are absolutely correct that coyotes will greatly suppress Red Fox populations, something that happened in my area of eastern New York many years ago. At the moment the Coyote population is down and Red Foxes are rebounding. Coyotes have also severely suppressed Wood Chuck numbers, especially in open fields. Far fewer than there once were. This has also effected Cottontail Rabbit numbers because the rabbits used abandoned 'chuck dens and now there are not so many. Everything in nature is interrelated. Bobcat's are increasing also, and I believe that may be because they have found a new food source in the last 20 years or so here, namely Turkeys. This makes some sense because it appears that small game numbers otherwise are way down.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from manswife wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

When working with hand tools Channel Lock Brand moves out of the box first.

-3 Good Comment? | | Report
from Longbeard wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Yet another good reason to kill coyotes.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from crowman wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Then what happens when wolves enter the picture and start killing the coyotes and then the equation starts getting real complex.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Crowman: I have been many places where wolves and coyotes are equally abundant. It's pretty difficult for a wolf to catch a coyote. They try, but not all that hard. Coyotes are fairly new to the east, but they evolved together in the west over many thousands of years and so don't seem to conflict with each other all that much.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from PAShooter wrote 51 weeks 19 hours ago

Part of the life cycle of the Lyme tick is that they need to be underground. This part was attributed to the mouse. Interesting that a denning animal such as the red fox or coyote would add to the tick problem.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 17 hours ago

Where does the literature say that ticks need to be underground at any time? They spend time under leaf litter during the life cycle, but I can find nothing about being underground. A animal "denning" has nothing to do with it; only what they feed on, such as foxes eating mice and coyotes eating foxes. Don't understand the comment.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Stilly wrote 50 weeks 6 days ago

I agree that more aggressive coyote control in most parts of the country would be a very good thing. But in duck producing parts of the country, such as the Prairie Pothole region, decreasing coyote numbers can actually negatively affect ducks. The reason is because, as discussed, coyotes have a great affect on red fox numbers and red foxes are a lot more detrimental to nesting ducks. Foxes are a lot better at finding duck eggs and taking out hens. Coyotes are not nearly as detrimental to ducks. So for the states and the parts of Canada in the prairie pothole, region, more coyotes can actually be good for ducks. That is the problem about assuming that ecological problems and proposed "solutions" only have an affect on the issue at hand. In fact, meddling with mother nature can have many unseen consequences and the "solution" can sometimes cause more problems than the original problem.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 50 weeks 6 days ago

Stilly: Excellent comment and I absolutely agree. I would note however that coyote "control" has been pretty much a losing battle down many years. Countless federal and private programs have failed to wipe out coyotes, and there is now strong evidence that the the surviving coyotes left over from trapping and poisoning simply increase their litter size to the point where you might end up with more coyotes than you started with. The U.S. now seems to have more coyotes than ever existed in the past. Yes, human solutions to the many problems in the natural world, that we have in fact created in he first place, has been a too frequent disaster.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Carl Huber wrote 50 weeks 5 days ago

Yeah just when you get good news, bad news will follow. There is a new study that a bite from the Lone Star Tick has triggered a reaction in some people. Making them allergic to Red Meat. It makes individuals break out in hives after ingesting any red meat. Sounds like a Vegan conspiracy but it's true.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Stilly wrote 50 weeks 5 days ago

tom warner: I'm glad you pointed out that coyote "control" can actually increase their numbers. I have heard that as well in a wildlife management class I took in college. Much like you said, there was a study that showed that once more coyotes were being killed, the fecundity (pups per litter) of the remaining coyotes actually increased. I don't remember the exact numbers but I remember it was significant. The coyote problem can definitely be a catch 22, they obviously are able to take full advantage of an environment we humans are helping to shape. I do remember that the study suggested that if the number of coyotes killed per year remained consistent year after year, that it would eventually start to take a toll on the population.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Trapper Vic wrote 50 weeks 4 days ago

The Catch 22, because coyotes kill nesting predators their has also been an increase in pheasant and quail numbers. I do not hunt the coyote because i want upland birds to increase!

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Buckmaster909 wrote 49 weeks 6 days ago

All proof that populations of all species must be balenced out. If some get too high, they negitively affect others. Old news guys.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from deadeyedick wrote 49 weeks 5 days ago

Tick, Tick, Tick. You guys are probably right but here in NE Ohio the redfox population seems to be increasing. I spend a lot of time in the outdoors and I see more foxes than say 5 years ago, yet the tick population is getting worse. in years past the tick population was not all that bad but in recent years they have increased dramatically. I can no longer hunt rabbits and such without taking precautions to guard my dogs and myself from ticks in areas that I have hunted for many years and never saw a tick
We hunt woodchucks during the summer and we have noticed an increase in the tick population. my sister in law came down with lyme disease 2 years ago and the local vetenarnian told me that the disease is defintely on the rise.
Is it too early to talk about deer. I have aquired access to 500 acres from my nephew's father in law. we have been there twice hunting ground hogs and have seen 5 deer. 3 of them were bucks in velvet. One was a huge buck with a great set of antlers. It pays to keep your eyes open at all time.

0 Good Comment? | | Report

Post a Comment

from Steve in Virginia wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Now I feel even better that I shot a coyote during the last deer season. Interesting info!

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

You are absolutely correct that coyotes will greatly suppress Red Fox populations, something that happened in my area of eastern New York many years ago. At the moment the Coyote population is down and Red Foxes are rebounding. Coyotes have also severely suppressed Wood Chuck numbers, especially in open fields. Far fewer than there once were. This has also effected Cottontail Rabbit numbers because the rabbits used abandoned 'chuck dens and now there are not so many. Everything in nature is interrelated. Bobcat's are increasing also, and I believe that may be because they have found a new food source in the last 20 years or so here, namely Turkeys. This makes some sense because it appears that small game numbers otherwise are way down.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Longbeard wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Yet another good reason to kill coyotes.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from crowman wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Then what happens when wolves enter the picture and start killing the coyotes and then the equation starts getting real complex.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

Crowman: I have been many places where wolves and coyotes are equally abundant. It's pretty difficult for a wolf to catch a coyote. They try, but not all that hard. Coyotes are fairly new to the east, but they evolved together in the west over many thousands of years and so don't seem to conflict with each other all that much.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from PAShooter wrote 51 weeks 19 hours ago

Part of the life cycle of the Lyme tick is that they need to be underground. This part was attributed to the mouse. Interesting that a denning animal such as the red fox or coyote would add to the tick problem.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 51 weeks 17 hours ago

Where does the literature say that ticks need to be underground at any time? They spend time under leaf litter during the life cycle, but I can find nothing about being underground. A animal "denning" has nothing to do with it; only what they feed on, such as foxes eating mice and coyotes eating foxes. Don't understand the comment.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Stilly wrote 50 weeks 6 days ago

I agree that more aggressive coyote control in most parts of the country would be a very good thing. But in duck producing parts of the country, such as the Prairie Pothole region, decreasing coyote numbers can actually negatively affect ducks. The reason is because, as discussed, coyotes have a great affect on red fox numbers and red foxes are a lot more detrimental to nesting ducks. Foxes are a lot better at finding duck eggs and taking out hens. Coyotes are not nearly as detrimental to ducks. So for the states and the parts of Canada in the prairie pothole, region, more coyotes can actually be good for ducks. That is the problem about assuming that ecological problems and proposed "solutions" only have an affect on the issue at hand. In fact, meddling with mother nature can have many unseen consequences and the "solution" can sometimes cause more problems than the original problem.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from tom warner wrote 50 weeks 6 days ago

Stilly: Excellent comment and I absolutely agree. I would note however that coyote "control" has been pretty much a losing battle down many years. Countless federal and private programs have failed to wipe out coyotes, and there is now strong evidence that the the surviving coyotes left over from trapping and poisoning simply increase their litter size to the point where you might end up with more coyotes than you started with. The U.S. now seems to have more coyotes than ever existed in the past. Yes, human solutions to the many problems in the natural world, that we have in fact created in he first place, has been a too frequent disaster.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Carl Huber wrote 50 weeks 5 days ago

Yeah just when you get good news, bad news will follow. There is a new study that a bite from the Lone Star Tick has triggered a reaction in some people. Making them allergic to Red Meat. It makes individuals break out in hives after ingesting any red meat. Sounds like a Vegan conspiracy but it's true.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Stilly wrote 50 weeks 5 days ago

tom warner: I'm glad you pointed out that coyote "control" can actually increase their numbers. I have heard that as well in a wildlife management class I took in college. Much like you said, there was a study that showed that once more coyotes were being killed, the fecundity (pups per litter) of the remaining coyotes actually increased. I don't remember the exact numbers but I remember it was significant. The coyote problem can definitely be a catch 22, they obviously are able to take full advantage of an environment we humans are helping to shape. I do remember that the study suggested that if the number of coyotes killed per year remained consistent year after year, that it would eventually start to take a toll on the population.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Trapper Vic wrote 50 weeks 4 days ago

The Catch 22, because coyotes kill nesting predators their has also been an increase in pheasant and quail numbers. I do not hunt the coyote because i want upland birds to increase!

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from Buckmaster909 wrote 49 weeks 6 days ago

All proof that populations of all species must be balenced out. If some get too high, they negitively affect others. Old news guys.

+1 Good Comment? | | Report
from deadeyedick wrote 49 weeks 5 days ago

Tick, Tick, Tick. You guys are probably right but here in NE Ohio the redfox population seems to be increasing. I spend a lot of time in the outdoors and I see more foxes than say 5 years ago, yet the tick population is getting worse. in years past the tick population was not all that bad but in recent years they have increased dramatically. I can no longer hunt rabbits and such without taking precautions to guard my dogs and myself from ticks in areas that I have hunted for many years and never saw a tick
We hunt woodchucks during the summer and we have noticed an increase in the tick population. my sister in law came down with lyme disease 2 years ago and the local vetenarnian told me that the disease is defintely on the rise.
Is it too early to talk about deer. I have aquired access to 500 acres from my nephew's father in law. we have been there twice hunting ground hogs and have seen 5 deer. 3 of them were bucks in velvet. One was a huge buck with a great set of antlers. It pays to keep your eyes open at all time.

0 Good Comment? | | Report
from manswife wrote 51 weeks 1 day ago

When working with hand tools Channel Lock Brand moves out of the box first.

-3 Good Comment? | | Report

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