


June 08, 2009
Petzal: The James Rifle
This past weekend I attended a demonstration given by a Civil War re-enactor who gave a blood-curdling example of what mid-19th-century artillery could do. His armament was an artillery piece called a James Rifle, so-called because it was invented by a Union General named Charles James, and because it had a grooved bore as opposed to a smooth one. James Rifles were scarce; they were made for only a few years, and the fact that this one survived and is still usable is something of a miracle.

There was a Type I and a Type II. The earliest examples were bronze, but the rifling wore out quickly and the later Rifles were iron. Weight was 915 pounds; the 3.8-inch bores had 7 to 10 grooves, and the guns fired a 14-pound bolt (as elongated projectiles were then called) backed by a pound and a quarter of black powder. We were told that the maximum range was 2,000 yards, although the official max is given as 1,530.
The re-enactor demonstrated the Rifle on an NRA 200-yard target, which has a 13-inch bull. We wondered if he would be able to hit the backstop, much less the target, much less the bull. The Type II James Rifle has a distinctive front sight in the form of a pyramid. Using this in combination with an optical rear sight, he lined it up and let ‘er buck.
The noise, even with a reduced charge, was sphincter-loosening. A cloud of pus-yellow smoke obscured the target (and everything else) and when it cleared, there was a 4-inch hole directly below the bull. The second shot went into 9 o’clock, even closer, and the third took out the bull altogether. You could, by design, shoot a man’s head off with this thing.
The thought occurred to all of us: What was it like to charge a battery of these infernal devices, firing as fast as they could? (A good crew, we were told, could get off 10 shots in a minute.) It did not even bear thinking about. And we all wondered, where did the soldiers who did it for four years get that kind of courage?
Comments (66)
Gun Nut sure enough!
I'd rather charge one of these things than a napolean firing canister, if the rifling meant they didnt want to use canister rounds.
10 rounds per minute?
WOW!
Sure sounds dangerous just thinking about swabbing the barrel out between rounds to make sure there wasn’t any hot spots in the bore reigniting the next charge!
I presume from the patina that the one pictured is sitting on a battlefield somewhere. Gettysburg?
A shame our stimulus package money doesn't pay for someone to polish it once in a while.
To Clay Cooper: The re-enactor said that when Union redlegs fired at that rate it was almost suicidal, because you were ramming a charge the instant after the previous one had fired. The theory was that you might get killed by your gun exploding, but that you would get killed by a Confederate bayonet.
DP,
S. Foote declared the sense of courage....and fatalistic approach to Life.....was much different in the 1860's. The Civil War causality rates on today's battlefield would get commanding officers relieved in short order, yet the 1860's slaughter went on for three-years.
BTW did those re-enactors dig up the cannon balls? I understand they're made of zinc.
When the mortar rounds stop and you hear the funky bugle sounding, it is no time to worry about short bursts, barrel cooling, and 'where is my barrel mitten'....
I would almost rather die while reloading this thing rather than fire it for 3-4 years and try living the rest of your life without the use of your ears! The best form of hearing protection back then was what? Cotton stuffed in your ears? No thanks.
Hey Dave,
I got an answer to your question as to where you get the courage to charge a James Rifle, over and over for four years.
The courage comes from total outrage that the Yankees would try to stomp the rights of your country to determine its own destiny. The courage comes from the conviction that invading armies are to be opposed to the last dying breath.
Hello Hal:
"But if you're not a slaveholder," said the Yankee, why are you fighting?"
"Because you all are down here."
Indeed.
thanks, Dave.
Hal
I once watched a NSSA event with 5 cannon firing live rounds on targets. They did a 5 round per gun fusillade and after 3 rounds the smoke on the grounds obscured everyting. The sound was amazing! The ring those cannon make with a live round is felt to your very core.
The fact that men would would blindly charge such a monster says much about the conviction of the soldier to duty and the leadersip of the time. One simply didn't say, Marse Robert, I ain't gonna go... 'Cause ya'll are down here indeed...
Pity that Napoleonic tactics held on as long as they did...
That kind of accuracy is incredible. I've seen them hit large boards with some sort of consistency, but this guy is almost getting MOP! With a cannon!
Want to get angry? Go around asking people when the Civil War was.
Trying to really think about what it would be like to see one of these on the other end of a mile long field is powerful. To charge and cover ground as fast as possible might seem like suicide but what other option do you have? It isn't like you are going to hide behind a tree or a bush, or a rock or ...anything really. The only place of safety would on a field would be the place where all of the opposition is gone. The only place safe is standing behind this mammoth on top of a pile of dead bodies. When that moment came for those soldiers the only way out was through and it probably only took them a brief second to realize that on the battlefield. It is a shame on one hand and an awesome, powerful display of human survival on the other.
A pound and a quarter of black powder must make a cloud... 80 grains keeps me from seeing a deer fall. I wonder how anyone knew what the #ell was going on in those days. Talk about collateral damage. You can bet if I was facing an open field with tens of thousands of Yanks OR Rebs headed my way with bayonets attached the last thing I would be worried about is hearing loss or letting the barrel cool before I shoved another charge down the muzzle...
Dave,
Good question, where did all that courage come from? Conviction? I suppose.
While reading your post I barely got into the second paragraph and I began thinking of a post you made a year or so ago about the battles during the civil war and dead soldiers rifles being found with 2,3,4,5 rounds back to back lodged in the barrel. Soldiers firing under fear and duress, too scared to realize they never pulled the trigger on the previous charge. Perhaps the James rifle or other canons had something to do with it. Nonetheless, fighting because of conviction or courage is admirable regardless of the era your fighting in.
I know shoulder held weapons were made to kill, but I just don't find them as demonic as this cannon.
This is purely a weapon from hell's hallway.
Jim in MO, IMO what happened with the below is not that they didnt realize "they never pulled the trigger", but with all the other shooting, shouting, etc, they didnt realize the gun didnt fire when they *did* pull the trigger. Finally the ramrod must have stuck out a mile on the last load and they just threw the weapon down.
Messing around with muzzleloaders for hunting, sooner or later you've loaded the bullet but the powder has been forgotten. Just one way this can get started.
>rifles being found with 2,3,4,5 rounds back to back
I sometimes ponder what it was like to be in the first row of the wave of any southern regiment standing in the trees looking across an open field at the opposition watching from behind substancial fortifications. Specifically I refer to what was finally called Pickett's Charge although the same situation took place many times with each side alternating the starting positions. Nevertheless, by far the majority of the men in the charge were not slaveholders and perhaps actually had not faired as well in life as many slaves. They were not "down there" and they had walked barefooted "up north". Even the generals did not want to fight on that site and it all happened almost by pure accident. When those soldiers on the front row made that first step they knew it was the beginning of only a few more moments to be alive or in one piece. Courage, convection, orders, and even the fact that if the private soldier did not advance for Marse Robert he just might be shot shortly into his personally selected withdrawal by one of his own. Under any examination it was very grim being one of those guys as even smooth bores were adequate to cause great damage let alone a James Rifle. God rest their souls, all the thousands both blue and gray.
I think I have mentioned before that my great great grandfather was wounded near Richmond, VA. The specifics were never clear but apparently he lost an arm or most of one in some skirmish. The old folks lack of memory or concern and the years seem to have wiped out the name of the exact battle. Supposedly he was an artillary man in a Georgia unit even though he hailed from Alabama. When he was discharged he was sent on his way to walk home. Somehow he made it.
Mr. Petzal: Correct me if I'm wrong please.
Were'nt these mainly used against other artillery pieces, instead of human attacks? Hence the sighting devices? I understand that they could be used incase of attack but that was'nt it's main job, was it?
Grapeshot in a smoothbore would have been the cannon of choice against a charge from the other side. We have modern day equivalents in todays Army. A single non-exlpoding projectile would not be much more useful than a rifled musket.
My maternal great great grandfather Private Joseph Prentice won the Congressional Medal of Honor at the battle of Stone's river for an act of incredible bravery. His last name is my middle name. He is buried in Nebraska. Joe's heroism has been written about in several books about the CMH. My father's family fought for the South.
Basically Joe exposed himself to enemy fire on foot somewhat reminiscent of Kevin Costner's character in Dances with wolves. He ran out on the battlefield found, picked up and carried his wounded Commanding Officer back to safety while the other side blasted away. Bullets kicked up dust all around him for several minutes. The CO was shot through the body and died soon after. IMO today that incredible act of bravery would not likely be considered for the CMH.
A guy lived in my neighborhood when I grew up, who permanently lost "his job at the plant" when the factory closed down. He and another guy started building these cannons to the original specs and selling them to whoever would buy them... I understand he made a lot more money from re-enactment groups than he ever did at the plant!
Fellows; maybe it's just my penchant for dreaming, but I very firmly believe we have men, and some women, on battle fields today that exhibit the same level of courage and determination to see justice done. Some have said American fighting men have become soft and ineffective because of soft living,etc,etc, but IMHO, I don't believe it at all. Yes it was frightening to hear those messengers from hell bellow, but our troops today often don't hear anything but their own rifles firing, and still a buddy drops right beside them, and then another,and another, and they keep on going. So I ask, which would be the scarier?
I had the opportunity to check out a Williams gun at a reenactment in Sharpsburg. This was designed as a light piece to deploy in the line of battle with the troops. It had a 1" bore and fired a load of buckshot. It was operated with a crank, was breech loaded, and was served by a crew of three men.
The piece I saw was resurrected by a machinist who was able to rebuild missing parts and was a fearsome weapon indeed.
Apparently it was of Conferderate origin.
>Grapeshot in a smoothbore
I believe you are referring to what was usually called 'canister', in prepared rounds this was sort of a bucket filled with musket balls.
Grapeshot was for farther range and was indeed used, but the primary anti-personell Round for longer range was Cased Shot, sometimes called Shrapnel.
Douglas, is it possible you could post a picture of this Williams Gun? I have some books on all this stuff, but no picture of the Williams Gun. If you can, put it in your photos and we could find it under your user name. Hope you took a picture!
Elmer Fudd
You can buy one! Check out
spriks-civil-war-cannon-sales.com/page2.html
Or just google "Williams gun"
I was wrong about the bore size, they had a 1.57" bore.
Elmer, you are of course right. Yesterday I could not remember the correct word so used grapeshot. At that time I had been awake for more than 24 hours is my only excuse. Slept until 7 this morning though.
To clarify above statement about Joe Prentiss. Old Joe had no sons. His last name has been passed down mom's side of the family and is my middle. I have seen a photo of his grave. The monument is huge to say the least.
Thanks, Douglas, I have a picture now and will just insert it into one of my books!
Ah, artillery! The "Queen of Battle".
Have you seen the print, possibly by Remington, showing an officer about to light the fuse of a field piece on a crowd of fighting soldiers from both sides. The caption said something like, " Artillery lends dignity to what otherwise would be a common brawl."
Incredible stories like these are forever erased by the liberal slant and "new" history texts. If you doubt that, go read your kid's and grandkid's text books used in the schools today and find a copy of the texts used 50 years ago and compare.
After doing that, convince us that there is not a movement to subvert American liberty.
Shane's post above is so true. Most of today's HS grads can't tell you when the Civil War was, WWI, etc. Now the War of 1812 gives them a clue.
WMH
To Big O: You are correct. James rifles were used for counterbattery fire and, of all things, for countersniper fire. A Confederate sniper with a good rifle was effective up to 600 yards, and the James Rifle had not only more range, but was apparently accurate enough to make a sniper think seriously about doing something else. I would not have believed this unless I had seen what the gun did to the bull's eye.
I keep forgetting to say that the Rhode Island Statehouse has a James Rifle on display.
PS: going to have to buy the barrell only on the Williams Gun... carriage is too pricey. And wife's beer is getting cut out of the family budget!! [g]
"Price with carriage- $ 9000.00 ... Barrel price- $ 4900.00 "
[from that website]
WA Mtnhunter:
The school system is bad but getting worse with Kevin Jennings' appointment! He wrote the forward to the book: Queering Elementary Education.
This probably a good time to "cling to guns and religion"!
Let me know how that cutting out the wife's beer thing works Elmer... I'm buying about $60 worth of cigarettes a week now and I don't even smoke! Dell you need to come on over to Murfreesboro and I'll give you a tour of the Stones River Battlefield it's a National Park about 30-40 miles outside of Nashville. And do actually know what this cannon was good for? Seems to me it might be nice to take down a fort but otherwise it's just a really heavy rifle that's not going to do as much damage that a volley of musket fire and wasted a whole lot of powder, pretty much like you said.
I love old artillery, our town has a couple of howitzers from the Civil War on the Town Common. The neatest old cannon I have found is in a nearby Cities former Armory, a bronze Napoleon gun cast in Macon Georgia.
Military units in the mid 19th century were not raised and constituted the same as our modern professional forces. Men went to war with their neighbors and friends and to show the white feather could alienate a man from everything he held dear. Also in the discipline of close order drill advancing to the beat of the drum, eyes front, a soldier wouldn't see a lot of the horror dawning until it was on him, then if he lived he had "seen the elephant". Then as now Men didn't fight for ideals, they fought for their comrades, their buddies in the trenches. Plus ca change, c'est plus la meme chose...
Shane:
I know when the Civil War was fought, but I was always confused as to the reason. My friend Bobby Lee from Tennessee always told me that the conflict was due to the fact that the North ignored the concept of "State's rats."
Now, I ask myself again, what is "state's rats" and why were they important? Pets? Vermin?
I dunno.
To only own 1000 acres and a few of this periods field pieces for some weekend plinking.........
shane-
The War of Northern Aggression started either
on 20 December 1860, (date of South Carolina
secession) or 12 April 1861, (date of firing
on Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor). Historians differ. The end date was 9 April 1865, Palm Sunday, at Appomattox, at the house of one Wilbur McLean.
duckcreekdick-
Artillery, Queen of Battle? Always heard that it was the Infantry.
idahooutdoors,
ah yes, how sweet that would be.
I think the gun actually fired into Baltimore sometime. It's funny, but if you go take a bus tour there, you'll see a cannonball lodged into the side of a large brick house, which hasn't exploded. They sometimes wouldn't blow up, and would become stuck on things, or simply take the person's head completely off or blow up the house completely.
for my 2 cents on the off-topic wanderings here, I'll say the War started when Fed General Anderson moved all his troops into Ft. Sumter, destroying the good faith negotiations that were going on... there had been an agreement there would be no troop movements. First hostile act, then, and it was December 26, 1860
And the War ended when the Confederate Raider Shenandoah decommissioned about 7 months after Lee surrendered... November 6, 1865. Or you may pick another event, but it was not Appomattox.
Ziggy, I'd be pretty surprised a civil war event involving cannon happened in Baltimore. War of 1812 maybe. Plenty of rounds were solid shot, too, not always or even typically exploding shells.
crm3006
Indeed the Infantry is referred to as the "Queen of Battle". I think the Redlegs think they are King!
See:
http://www.tomahawks.us/queen_of_battle.htm
Being an old infantryman I can tell you WA Mtnhunter is correct. For you civilians the redlegs are the Artillery men and they do think they are king. Most are like me and CAN'T HEAR any opposing opinions.
Someone said these old guns are loud. You should listen to a modern Howitzer or the main gun on an M1 Abrams. Either will clear your sinuses!
If you make it across the pond go to the Tower of London and check out the old cannon on display. Most were captured during various wars fought by Her Majesties Armed forces. Some date back well before the American Revolution.
Del in KS
The first thing out of an old artilleryman's mouth when you say something to him is:
"Huh?"
Last night the Military History Channel did a Biography on Gen. Robert Edward Lee. Probably the greatest General we have ever had. Certainly the most revered. There was much information not seen in other features like "The Civil War" by Ken Burns.
That'd bust a T. rex.
Dr. Ralph,
I'd love to visit Stone's River Nat'l park someday. I have a friend who is a Community College history teacher and Civil War fan. He gave me a nice calendar with a large photo of the park.
Elmer Fudd-
I was just giving the historical perspective on dates. Confederate Brigader General Stand
Watie, a Cherokee, did not surrender until almost a year after the "official" surrender.
Some folks never surrendered.
WA Mtnhunter-
Very inspiring site- I now have it in favorites. Thank you. One small thing, it was mostly a leg site, do you have any links to the airborne? Anything other than the Sky
Soldier website?
I won't get off on the Redlegs, other than to say that at times, they need to check their elevation and windage before they fire.
How about an
“A" Gauge shotgun
50.8mm or 2.00 diameter
27.45oz or 12,010 grain
crm3006
No sir, I just put up that site to show those cannon cockers that Infantry was 'Queen of Battle' and it had that nice updated poem.
Here is a link to the 82d Abn Association website that I just found:
http://www.82ndassociation.org/default.aspx
All the way!
WA Mtnhunter-
Don't call me sir, boy! I used to be a damned good SFC!
My late dad was in the 6th Field Artillery in the South Pacific from mid-1942 until returning to the States in late 1945. Mostly he served as a gunner on a 105 mm. You probably know the campaigns in which he was involved. As long as I can remember I usually had to tell him something 2 maybe 3 times before he understood me. He never would wear a hearing aid.
I ask myself the same question... what courage is must of took to charge in front of apparent harm... same thing goes for today. What courage it takes to go to a foreign land and face apparent danger to defend and protect their freedoms. THANK YOU to all service men and women.
Do believe our Caliber of guns we hunt with are too small? But a lot easier to carry arund. Heck: don;t neeed a larger gun, just need to hunt more and different places. I just received a letter from a friendin C0 wher they hunted many days and only saw one 3 pointer Elk and few cows.C0 hada bad winter for pst 2 years, add thoe to the Wolves, cougars and the herds will drop.A friend of mine in MT got a Wolf last month that had killed one of his prized Herfords. Been tlling those guys they need to hunt Wolves, Cougars and Coyotes and leave the animals alone for a couple hears. But to much $$$ made off us NR hunters.
My great grandfather fought heroically in the battle of shiloh, one of the bloodiest battles. He fought for the good old South.
Thanks for post. It’s really informative stuff.
I really like to read.Hope to learn a lot and have a nice experience here! because every animal part of our life. thanks and my best regards guys!
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MarkJones001
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callaway x--callaway x
All you Southern Boys do go on as if it would have been a good thing had the South won the war. The author Harry Turtledove wrote a series of alternative history novels where he explored how the world might look Had the South Won. The scenarios are not good, it is not as if the Confederacy, having won Gettysburg and forced the North to terms ever got to live happily ever after, In Turledove's alternative world North America suffers many subsequent wars, all stemming from unresolved issues and left over resentment from the previos conflicts. World War I occurs with the Confederacy allied to the British and whats left of the Union allied with the Kaiser! Canada gets invaded and Quebec revolts and succeeds as well. I highly reccommend Turtledove's writing, He hold the attention and created engaging characters. Of course there are many possible alternative histories and the history that actually happened is the important version, as long as the historical revisionists are prevented in substituting politically correct versions of the history intended to make the deeds of survivors more palatable to their descendants. Fortunately relics of the past still turn up to remind us how our ancestors actually fared.
Your ancestor wore gray at Shiloh, Mine wore blue and held Little Round Top. Both are dust now, it is best to remember their heroism, hope we measure up when (or if) it becomes our turn and not waste time fighting over old arguments over and over and over again. Enough blood was spilled, Ares was satiated, let it never happen again.
All you Southern Boys do go on as if it would have been a good thing had the South won the war. The author Harry Turtledove wrote a series of alternative history novels where he explored how the world might look Had the South Won. The scenarios are not good, it is not as if the Confederacy, having won Gettysburg and forced the North to terms ever got to live happily ever after, In Turledove's alternative world North America suffers many subsequent wars, all stemming from unresolved issues and left over resentment from the previos conflicts. World War I occurs with the Confederacy allied to the British and whats left of the Union allied with the Kaiser! Canada gets invaded and Quebec revolts and succeeds as well. I highly reccommend Turtledove's writing, He hold the attention and created engaging characters. Of course there are many possible alternative histories and the history that actually happened is the important version, as long as the historical revisionists are prevented in substituting politically correct versions of the history intended to make the deeds of survivors more palatable to their descendants. Fortunately relics of the past still turn up to remind us how our ancestors actually fared.
Your ancestor wore gray at Shiloh, Mine wore blue and held Little Round Top. Both are dust now, it is best to remember their heroism, hope we measure up when (or if) it becomes our turn and not waste time fighting over old arguments over and over and over again. Enough blood was spilled, Ares was satiated, let it never happen again.
excuse my accidental double posting...
That is truly amazing. To look at the equiptment and tooling they would have used in crafting such a weapon and for it to still be a very accurate and capable gun is sweet
I have lived all over this great country and the true test of an authentic southerner is how he(she)phrases the above mentioned conflict, civil war,(northern term)war between the states(Midwesterner), war of northern aggression(true southern child).
That being said, the South was as guilty as the north for this conflict. both sides believed they were right but neither respected human life enough. I do not wish to enter the debate of slavery and states rights, there is note enough room in hyperspace for that one, I believe both sides foolishly thought it would be a brief conflict, that they were superior in both ability and God's blessing, and that was the greatest flaw, so brother killed brother, countless families destroyed, cities ruined.
the North won, but we all lost, since we are still fighting this battle.
I think that the James rifle would have been a nice piece of artillery to have on your side for wiping out opposing artillery bunkers and the like, but for stopping an artillery charge i would say a smoothbore with shrapnel canisters and a nice volley of muskets would be more efficient. The James rifle would be the equivalent of demolishing the target, unneccessay but nice at times, while shrapnel would simply put enough holes int he target to stop it in its tracks 95% of the time. Except for you are stopping 10-20 targets dead in there tracks, which would be 9.5-19 of the targets dropped, or one smoothbore would be firing the equivalent of 15 James rifels. But it is definitely a fine piece of artillery for the time.
I got to see evidence of the power of the James Rifle. These guns were used by the Union soldiers during the siege of Fort Macon in North Carolina. There are still holes in the walls of the brick fort, and at one point, a round still resides in the wall. Confederate soldiers, trying to protect the fort from this devastating weapon, stacked railroad rails, made from iron, against the wall. The James Rifle put shot right through the double and triple stacked rails.
An amazing piece of artillery.
Post a Comment
Hey Dave,
I got an answer to your question as to where you get the courage to charge a James Rifle, over and over for four years.
The courage comes from total outrage that the Yankees would try to stomp the rights of your country to determine its own destiny. The courage comes from the conviction that invading armies are to be opposed to the last dying breath.
Hello Hal:
"But if you're not a slaveholder," said the Yankee, why are you fighting?"
"Because you all are down here."
Dave,
Good question, where did all that courage come from? Conviction? I suppose.
While reading your post I barely got into the second paragraph and I began thinking of a post you made a year or so ago about the battles during the civil war and dead soldiers rifles being found with 2,3,4,5 rounds back to back lodged in the barrel. Soldiers firing under fear and duress, too scared to realize they never pulled the trigger on the previous charge. Perhaps the James rifle or other canons had something to do with it. Nonetheless, fighting because of conviction or courage is admirable regardless of the era your fighting in.
Grapeshot in a smoothbore would have been the cannon of choice against a charge from the other side. We have modern day equivalents in todays Army. A single non-exlpoding projectile would not be much more useful than a rifled musket.
My maternal great great grandfather Private Joseph Prentice won the Congressional Medal of Honor at the battle of Stone's river for an act of incredible bravery. His last name is my middle name. He is buried in Nebraska. Joe's heroism has been written about in several books about the CMH. My father's family fought for the South.
Gun Nut sure enough!
I'd rather charge one of these things than a napolean firing canister, if the rifling meant they didnt want to use canister rounds.
10 rounds per minute?
WOW!
Sure sounds dangerous just thinking about swabbing the barrel out between rounds to make sure there wasn’t any hot spots in the bore reigniting the next charge!
A pound and a quarter of black powder must make a cloud... 80 grains keeps me from seeing a deer fall. I wonder how anyone knew what the #ell was going on in those days. Talk about collateral damage. You can bet if I was facing an open field with tens of thousands of Yanks OR Rebs headed my way with bayonets attached the last thing I would be worried about is hearing loss or letting the barrel cool before I shoved another charge down the muzzle...
Fellows; maybe it's just my penchant for dreaming, but I very firmly believe we have men, and some women, on battle fields today that exhibit the same level of courage and determination to see justice done. Some have said American fighting men have become soft and ineffective because of soft living,etc,etc, but IMHO, I don't believe it at all. Yes it was frightening to hear those messengers from hell bellow, but our troops today often don't hear anything but their own rifles firing, and still a buddy drops right beside them, and then another,and another, and they keep on going. So I ask, which would be the scarier?
for my 2 cents on the off-topic wanderings here, I'll say the War started when Fed General Anderson moved all his troops into Ft. Sumter, destroying the good faith negotiations that were going on... there had been an agreement there would be no troop movements. First hostile act, then, and it was December 26, 1860
And the War ended when the Confederate Raider Shenandoah decommissioned about 7 months after Lee surrendered... November 6, 1865. Or you may pick another event, but it was not Appomattox.
To Clay Cooper: The re-enactor said that when Union redlegs fired at that rate it was almost suicidal, because you were ramming a charge the instant after the previous one had fired. The theory was that you might get killed by your gun exploding, but that you would get killed by a Confederate bayonet.
That kind of accuracy is incredible. I've seen them hit large boards with some sort of consistency, but this guy is almost getting MOP! With a cannon!
Want to get angry? Go around asking people when the Civil War was.
I know shoulder held weapons were made to kill, but I just don't find them as demonic as this cannon.
This is purely a weapon from hell's hallway.
Basically Joe exposed himself to enemy fire on foot somewhat reminiscent of Kevin Costner's character in Dances with wolves. He ran out on the battlefield found, picked up and carried his wounded Commanding Officer back to safety while the other side blasted away. Bullets kicked up dust all around him for several minutes. The CO was shot through the body and died soon after. IMO today that incredible act of bravery would not likely be considered for the CMH.
I had the opportunity to check out a Williams gun at a reenactment in Sharpsburg. This was designed as a light piece to deploy in the line of battle with the troops. It had a 1" bore and fired a load of buckshot. It was operated with a crank, was breech loaded, and was served by a crew of three men.
The piece I saw was resurrected by a machinist who was able to rebuild missing parts and was a fearsome weapon indeed.
Apparently it was of Conferderate origin.
To Big O: You are correct. James rifles were used for counterbattery fire and, of all things, for countersniper fire. A Confederate sniper with a good rifle was effective up to 600 yards, and the James Rifle had not only more range, but was apparently accurate enough to make a sniper think seriously about doing something else. I would not have believed this unless I had seen what the gun did to the bull's eye.
I presume from the patina that the one pictured is sitting on a battlefield somewhere. Gettysburg?
A shame our stimulus package money doesn't pay for someone to polish it once in a while.
I would almost rather die while reloading this thing rather than fire it for 3-4 years and try living the rest of your life without the use of your ears! The best form of hearing protection back then was what? Cotton stuffed in your ears? No thanks.
Jim in MO, IMO what happened with the below is not that they didnt realize "they never pulled the trigger", but with all the other shooting, shouting, etc, they didnt realize the gun didnt fire when they *did* pull the trigger. Finally the ramrod must have stuck out a mile on the last load and they just threw the weapon down.
Messing around with muzzleloaders for hunting, sooner or later you've loaded the bullet but the powder has been forgotten. Just one way this can get started.
>rifles being found with 2,3,4,5 rounds back to back
I sometimes ponder what it was like to be in the first row of the wave of any southern regiment standing in the trees looking across an open field at the opposition watching from behind substancial fortifications. Specifically I refer to what was finally called Pickett's Charge although the same situation took place many times with each side alternating the starting positions. Nevertheless, by far the majority of the men in the charge were not slaveholders and perhaps actually had not faired as well in life as many slaves. They were not "down there" and they had walked barefooted "up north". Even the generals did not want to fight on that site and it all happened almost by pure accident. When those soldiers on the front row made that first step they knew it was the beginning of only a few more moments to be alive or in one piece. Courage, convection, orders, and even the fact that if the private soldier did not advance for Marse Robert he just might be shot shortly into his personally selected withdrawal by one of his own. Under any examination it was very grim being one of those guys as even smooth bores were adequate to cause great damage let alone a James Rifle. God rest their souls, all the thousands both blue and gray.
I think I have mentioned before that my great great grandfather was wounded near Richmond, VA. The specifics were never clear but apparently he lost an arm or most of one in some skirmish. The old folks lack of memory or concern and the years seem to have wiped out the name of the exact battle. Supposedly he was an artillary man in a Georgia unit even though he hailed from Alabama. When he was discharged he was sent on his way to walk home. Somehow he made it.
A guy lived in my neighborhood when I grew up, who permanently lost "his job at the plant" when the factory closed down. He and another guy started building these cannons to the original specs and selling them to whoever would buy them... I understand he made a lot more money from re-enactment groups than he ever did at the plant!
Ah, artillery! The "Queen of Battle".
Have you seen the print, possibly by Remington, showing an officer about to light the fuse of a field piece on a crowd of fighting soldiers from both sides. The caption said something like, " Artillery lends dignity to what otherwise would be a common brawl."
I love old artillery, our town has a couple of howitzers from the Civil War on the Town Common. The neatest old cannon I have found is in a nearby Cities former Armory, a bronze Napoleon gun cast in Macon Georgia.
Military units in the mid 19th century were not raised and constituted the same as our modern professional forces. Men went to war with their neighbors and friends and to show the white feather could alienate a man from everything he held dear. Also in the discipline of close order drill advancing to the beat of the drum, eyes front, a soldier wouldn't see a lot of the horror dawning until it was on him, then if he lived he had "seen the elephant". Then as now Men didn't fight for ideals, they fought for their comrades, their buddies in the trenches. Plus ca change, c'est plus la meme chose...
Being an old infantryman I can tell you WA Mtnhunter is correct. For you civilians the redlegs are the Artillery men and they do think they are king. Most are like me and CAN'T HEAR any opposing opinions.
Someone said these old guns are loud. You should listen to a modern Howitzer or the main gun on an M1 Abrams. Either will clear your sinuses!
If you make it across the pond go to the Tower of London and check out the old cannon on display. Most were captured during various wars fought by Her Majesties Armed forces. Some date back well before the American Revolution.
Last night the Military History Channel did a Biography on Gen. Robert Edward Lee. Probably the greatest General we have ever had. Certainly the most revered. There was much information not seen in other features like "The Civil War" by Ken Burns.
DP,
S. Foote declared the sense of courage....and fatalistic approach to Life.....was much different in the 1860's. The Civil War causality rates on today's battlefield would get commanding officers relieved in short order, yet the 1860's slaughter went on for three-years.
BTW did those re-enactors dig up the cannon balls? I understand they're made of zinc.
When the mortar rounds stop and you hear the funky bugle sounding, it is no time to worry about short bursts, barrel cooling, and 'where is my barrel mitten'....
Indeed.
thanks, Dave.
Hal
I once watched a NSSA event with 5 cannon firing live rounds on targets. They did a 5 round per gun fusillade and after 3 rounds the smoke on the grounds obscured everyting. The sound was amazing! The ring those cannon make with a live round is felt to your very core.
The fact that men would would blindly charge such a monster says much about the conviction of the soldier to duty and the leadersip of the time. One simply didn't say, Marse Robert, I ain't gonna go... 'Cause ya'll are down here indeed...
Pity that Napoleonic tactics held on as long as they did...
Trying to really think about what it would be like to see one of these on the other end of a mile long field is powerful. To charge and cover ground as fast as possible might seem like suicide but what other option do you have? It isn't like you are going to hide behind a tree or a bush, or a rock or ...anything really. The only place of safety would on a field would be the place where all of the opposition is gone. The only place safe is standing behind this mammoth on top of a pile of dead bodies. When that moment came for those soldiers the only way out was through and it probably only took them a brief second to realize that on the battlefield. It is a shame on one hand and an awesome, powerful display of human survival on the other.
Mr. Petzal: Correct me if I'm wrong please.
Were'nt these mainly used against other artillery pieces, instead of human attacks? Hence the sighting devices? I understand that they could be used incase of attack but that was'nt it's main job, was it?
>Grapeshot in a smoothbore
I believe you are referring to what was usually called 'canister', in prepared rounds this was sort of a bucket filled with musket balls.
Grapeshot was for farther range and was indeed used, but the primary anti-personell Round for longer range was Cased Shot, sometimes called Shrapnel.
Douglas, is it possible you could post a picture of this Williams Gun? I have some books on all this stuff, but no picture of the Williams Gun. If you can, put it in your photos and we could find it under your user name. Hope you took a picture!
Elmer Fudd
You can buy one! Check out
spriks-civil-war-cannon-sales.com/page2.html
Or just google "Williams gun"
I was wrong about the bore size, they had a 1.57" bore.
Incredible stories like these are forever erased by the liberal slant and "new" history texts. If you doubt that, go read your kid's and grandkid's text books used in the schools today and find a copy of the texts used 50 years ago and compare.
After doing that, convince us that there is not a movement to subvert American liberty.
Shane's post above is so true. Most of today's HS grads can't tell you when the Civil War was, WWI, etc. Now the War of 1812 gives them a clue.
WMH
I keep forgetting to say that the Rhode Island Statehouse has a James Rifle on display.
PS: going to have to buy the barrell only on the Williams Gun... carriage is too pricey. And wife's beer is getting cut out of the family budget!! [g]
"Price with carriage- $ 9000.00 ... Barrel price- $ 4900.00 "
[from that website]
WA Mtnhunter:
The school system is bad but getting worse with Kevin Jennings' appointment! He wrote the forward to the book: Queering Elementary Education.
This probably a good time to "cling to guns and religion"!
Let me know how that cutting out the wife's beer thing works Elmer... I'm buying about $60 worth of cigarettes a week now and I don't even smoke! Dell you need to come on over to Murfreesboro and I'll give you a tour of the Stones River Battlefield it's a National Park about 30-40 miles outside of Nashville. And do actually know what this cannon was good for? Seems to me it might be nice to take down a fort but otherwise it's just a really heavy rifle that's not going to do as much damage that a volley of musket fire and wasted a whole lot of powder, pretty much like you said.
Ziggy, I'd be pretty surprised a civil war event involving cannon happened in Baltimore. War of 1812 maybe. Plenty of rounds were solid shot, too, not always or even typically exploding shells.
Elmer Fudd-
I was just giving the historical perspective on dates. Confederate Brigader General Stand
Watie, a Cherokee, did not surrender until almost a year after the "official" surrender.
Some folks never surrendered.
My great grandfather fought heroically in the battle of shiloh, one of the bloodiest battles. He fought for the good old South.
I have lived all over this great country and the true test of an authentic southerner is how he(she)phrases the above mentioned conflict, civil war,(northern term)war between the states(Midwesterner), war of northern aggression(true southern child).
That being said, the South was as guilty as the north for this conflict. both sides believed they were right but neither respected human life enough. I do not wish to enter the debate of slavery and states rights, there is note enough room in hyperspace for that one, I believe both sides foolishly thought it would be a brief conflict, that they were superior in both ability and God's blessing, and that was the greatest flaw, so brother killed brother, countless families destroyed, cities ruined.
the North won, but we all lost, since we are still fighting this battle.
Elmer, you are of course right. Yesterday I could not remember the correct word so used grapeshot. At that time I had been awake for more than 24 hours is my only excuse. Slept until 7 this morning though.
To clarify above statement about Joe Prentiss. Old Joe had no sons. His last name has been passed down mom's side of the family and is my middle. I have seen a photo of his grave. The monument is huge to say the least.
Thanks, Douglas, I have a picture now and will just insert it into one of my books!
To only own 1000 acres and a few of this periods field pieces for some weekend plinking.........
shane-
The War of Northern Aggression started either
on 20 December 1860, (date of South Carolina
secession) or 12 April 1861, (date of firing
on Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor). Historians differ. The end date was 9 April 1865, Palm Sunday, at Appomattox, at the house of one Wilbur McLean.
duckcreekdick-
Artillery, Queen of Battle? Always heard that it was the Infantry.
idahooutdoors,
ah yes, how sweet that would be.
I think the gun actually fired into Baltimore sometime. It's funny, but if you go take a bus tour there, you'll see a cannonball lodged into the side of a large brick house, which hasn't exploded. They sometimes wouldn't blow up, and would become stuck on things, or simply take the person's head completely off or blow up the house completely.
crm3006
Indeed the Infantry is referred to as the "Queen of Battle". I think the Redlegs think they are King!
See:
http://www.tomahawks.us/queen_of_battle.htm
Del in KS
The first thing out of an old artilleryman's mouth when you say something to him is:
"Huh?"
Dr. Ralph,
I'd love to visit Stone's River Nat'l park someday. I have a friend who is a Community College history teacher and Civil War fan. He gave me a nice calendar with a large photo of the park.
WA Mtnhunter-
Very inspiring site- I now have it in favorites. Thank you. One small thing, it was mostly a leg site, do you have any links to the airborne? Anything other than the Sky
Soldier website?
I won't get off on the Redlegs, other than to say that at times, they need to check their elevation and windage before they fire.
How about an
“A" Gauge shotgun
50.8mm or 2.00 diameter
27.45oz or 12,010 grain
crm3006
No sir, I just put up that site to show those cannon cockers that Infantry was 'Queen of Battle' and it had that nice updated poem.
Here is a link to the 82d Abn Association website that I just found:
http://www.82ndassociation.org/default.aspx
All the way!
WA Mtnhunter-
Don't call me sir, boy! I used to be a damned good SFC!
My late dad was in the 6th Field Artillery in the South Pacific from mid-1942 until returning to the States in late 1945. Mostly he served as a gunner on a 105 mm. You probably know the campaigns in which he was involved. As long as I can remember I usually had to tell him something 2 maybe 3 times before he understood me. He never would wear a hearing aid.
I ask myself the same question... what courage is must of took to charge in front of apparent harm... same thing goes for today. What courage it takes to go to a foreign land and face apparent danger to defend and protect their freedoms. THANK YOU to all service men and women.
Do believe our Caliber of guns we hunt with are too small? But a lot easier to carry arund. Heck: don;t neeed a larger gun, just need to hunt more and different places. I just received a letter from a friendin C0 wher they hunted many days and only saw one 3 pointer Elk and few cows.C0 hada bad winter for pst 2 years, add thoe to the Wolves, cougars and the herds will drop.A friend of mine in MT got a Wolf last month that had killed one of his prized Herfords. Been tlling those guys they need to hunt Wolves, Cougars and Coyotes and leave the animals alone for a couple hears. But to much $$$ made off us NR hunters.
Thanks for post. It’s really informative stuff.
I really like to read.Hope to learn a lot and have a nice experience here! because every animal part of our life. thanks and my best regards guys!
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MarkJones001
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callaway x--callaway x
All you Southern Boys do go on as if it would have been a good thing had the South won the war. The author Harry Turtledove wrote a series of alternative history novels where he explored how the world might look Had the South Won. The scenarios are not good, it is not as if the Confederacy, having won Gettysburg and forced the North to terms ever got to live happily ever after, In Turledove's alternative world North America suffers many subsequent wars, all stemming from unresolved issues and left over resentment from the previos conflicts. World War I occurs with the Confederacy allied to the British and whats left of the Union allied with the Kaiser! Canada gets invaded and Quebec revolts and succeeds as well. I highly reccommend Turtledove's writing, He hold the attention and created engaging characters. Of course there are many possible alternative histories and the history that actually happened is the important version, as long as the historical revisionists are prevented in substituting politically correct versions of the history intended to make the deeds of survivors more palatable to their descendants. Fortunately relics of the past still turn up to remind us how our ancestors actually fared.
Your ancestor wore gray at Shiloh, Mine wore blue and held Little Round Top. Both are dust now, it is best to remember their heroism, hope we measure up when (or if) it becomes our turn and not waste time fighting over old arguments over and over and over again. Enough blood was spilled, Ares was satiated, let it never happen again.
All you Southern Boys do go on as if it would have been a good thing had the South won the war. The author Harry Turtledove wrote a series of alternative history novels where he explored how the world might look Had the South Won. The scenarios are not good, it is not as if the Confederacy, having won Gettysburg and forced the North to terms ever got to live happily ever after, In Turledove's alternative world North America suffers many subsequent wars, all stemming from unresolved issues and left over resentment from the previos conflicts. World War I occurs with the Confederacy allied to the British and whats left of the Union allied with the Kaiser! Canada gets invaded and Quebec revolts and succeeds as well. I highly reccommend Turtledove's writing, He hold the attention and created engaging characters. Of course there are many possible alternative histories and the history that actually happened is the important version, as long as the historical revisionists are prevented in substituting politically correct versions of the history intended to make the deeds of survivors more palatable to their descendants. Fortunately relics of the past still turn up to remind us how our ancestors actually fared.
Your ancestor wore gray at Shiloh, Mine wore blue and held Little Round Top. Both are dust now, it is best to remember their heroism, hope we measure up when (or if) it becomes our turn and not waste time fighting over old arguments over and over and over again. Enough blood was spilled, Ares was satiated, let it never happen again.
excuse my accidental double posting...
That is truly amazing. To look at the equiptment and tooling they would have used in crafting such a weapon and for it to still be a very accurate and capable gun is sweet
I think that the James rifle would have been a nice piece of artillery to have on your side for wiping out opposing artillery bunkers and the like, but for stopping an artillery charge i would say a smoothbore with shrapnel canisters and a nice volley of muskets would be more efficient. The James rifle would be the equivalent of demolishing the target, unneccessay but nice at times, while shrapnel would simply put enough holes int he target to stop it in its tracks 95% of the time. Except for you are stopping 10-20 targets dead in there tracks, which would be 9.5-19 of the targets dropped, or one smoothbore would be firing the equivalent of 15 James rifels. But it is definitely a fine piece of artillery for the time.
I got to see evidence of the power of the James Rifle. These guns were used by the Union soldiers during the siege of Fort Macon in North Carolina. There are still holes in the walls of the brick fort, and at one point, a round still resides in the wall. Confederate soldiers, trying to protect the fort from this devastating weapon, stacked railroad rails, made from iron, against the wall. The James Rifle put shot right through the double and triple stacked rails.
An amazing piece of artillery.
That'd bust a T. rex.
Shane:
I know when the Civil War was fought, but I was always confused as to the reason. My friend Bobby Lee from Tennessee always told me that the conflict was due to the fact that the North ignored the concept of "State's rats."
Now, I ask myself again, what is "state's rats" and why were they important? Pets? Vermin?
I dunno.
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